“We’re no longer in the information age, but [really] a conceptual age. And I know people like to talk about AI as a fourth industrial revolution. But I [actually] think it’s more of a concept of curation.” —Danielle Supkis Cheek, VP and Head of Analytics and AI

As companies increasingly adopt AI-driven solutions to streamline operations, it’s clear that GenAI offers a path to greater efficiency, accuracy, and insight. According to a recent KPMG survey, 99% of companies globally plan to pilot or actively implement AI for financial reporting within the next three years, with 75% of firms in Australia already integrating AI into their financial processes. With these statistics in mind, it’s evident that GenAI has the potential to reshape audit and accounting functions. Still, the effectiveness of this transformation hinges significantly on how AI is utilised—particularly through prompt engineering.

The growing role of AI in audit and accounting

AI adoption in financial reporting and auditing is on a sharp rise. As KPMG reports, companies are setting aside significant portions of their IT budgets to fund AI initiatives—10% on average worldwide, with half of these companies expecting a further increase in investment by 2025. This commitment reflects AI’s anticipated impact, as companies recognise that GenAI not only improves efficiency but also strengthens analytical capabilities. In Australia, 51% of surveyed companies reported spending between 11% and 20% of their IT budgets on AI.

This rapid increase in AI adoption is driven by its potential to automate labour-intensive processes, enabling auditors to focus on high-value tasks that improve audit quality. Deloitte’s research supports this, showing that GenAI automates repetitive tasks, improving audit quality and efficiency. Furthermore, boards are increasingly urging auditors to apply AI to identify anomalies and assess risk, with 73% of board members expecting auditors to prioritise these capabilities.

The importance of Prompt Engineering in maximising AI utility

To truly harness GenAI’s capabilities in the audit and accounting sectors, companies need to adopt effective prompt engineering practices. Prompt engineering—the practice of designing and refining input prompts to achieve desired AI outputs—is fundamental to maximising AI’s performance and aligning it with specific business objectives. Here’s how prompt engineering can optimise AI utility in audit and accounting:

• Refining anomaly detection

To ensure AI accurately identifies anomalies in financial data, auditors can use prompts that set explicit parameters for risk tolerance, data thresholds, and industry-specific metrics. A well-crafted prompt might ask the AI to “analyse year-over-year revenue trends and flag any deviations exceeding 5% for further review.” This tailored prompt directs the AI to focus on relevant patterns, ensuring more precise anomaly detection.

• Predictive analysis

As KPMG highlighted, 73% of board members prioritise AI’s ability to perform predictive analysis. Prompt engineering allows auditors to guide AI towards forecasting future trends and potential risks. For instance, a prompt might be, “Based on the past five years of financial data, predict revenue growth for the next two quarters and identify potential risks impacting these projections.” This approach helps focus the AI’s analysis on specific timelines and risks, yielding actionable insights.

• Enhancing financial reporting accuracy

GenAI can enhance accuracy in financial reporting by automating data analysis and reconciliation tasks. However, to leverage this effectively, prompt engineering should involve clear and direct instructions. For instance, a prompt might be, “Reconcile discrepancies between income statements and balance sheets, identifying potential data entry errors.” This prompt directs the AI to perform targeted tasks, ensuring accuracy and consistency across financial documents.

• Creating auditable reports

AI’s ability to generate reports that are easy to audit can be amplified through prompt engineering. For example, prompts that include language such as “Generate a report summarising quarterly revenue with a breakdown by region and highlight any inconsistencies between this and the last quarter” can streamline report generation. By guiding the AI to focus on specific components, prompt engineering helps produce outputs that are both informative and structured for easy auditing.

Balancing risk management with AI utility

While GenAI presents immense opportunities, it also introduces risks that must be managed carefully. According to the Centre for Audit Quality (CAQ), the use of GenAI in auditing brings potential risks related to data accuracy, confidentiality, and security. This is where prompt engineering plays a dual role—not only guiding the AI to generate useful information but also ensuring that outputs align with compliance and ethical standards. For instance, prompts can specify that AI limit its scope to anonymised datasets, or focus only on approved metrics and parameters.

The future of audit and accounting with GenAI

As more companies integrate GenAI into their financial operations, the role of prompt engineering will continue to grow. Effective prompt engineering enables organisations to refine AI outputs and maintain quality, accuracy, and compliance standards. For companies aiming to maximise their AI investment, a structured approach to prompt engineering can streamline the process, reducing repetitive work and producing more reliable insights.

To support your organisation’s journey in adopting AI for audit and accounting, don’t miss Danielle Supkis Cheek’s insightful session on “Embracing GenAI and the Power of the Prompt“ from CwX APAC 2024. Explore practical strategies to craft effective prompts, learn best practices, and unlock the transformative potential of AI in your workflows. Watch here.

Join us online for a look into how today’s most advanced technologies can ​power your firm’s future. With a well-crafted plan, there’s no limit to ​what your firm can achieve. Discover the latest innovations to drive ​higher efficiency and deliver unparalleled customer value.

Internal audit teams are continuing to evolve their processes and procedures as they incorporate new technologies into their operations.

Caseware’s 2024 State of Internal Audit Trends Report delves into the biggest opportunities and hurdles facing internal audit departments, including the recruiting and retention of skilled internal auditors, shifting from manual to digital audit processes and the growth of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reporting.

This year’s report is based on the responses of more than 1,000 internal auditors from around the globe, including heads of internal audit, directors of internal audit, chief audit executives and internal auditors.

Download this report to find out:

• What internal pressures internal auditors face within their organizations, such as having to do more work with fewer resources
• How quickly demand for ESG audits, as well as Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) audits, is growing
• What types of fraud concern global audit teams the most
• The most in-demand skills audit teams are seeking
• How well your colleagues around the world are coping with the shortage of skilled internal auditors

Practitioners today face an array of game-changing trends, such as increasing regulation, a shortage of skilled auditing talent and the adoption of new and exciting technologies like generative AI and automated workflows. This report reveals how your peers are handling these challenges and offers insights you can use to improve your internal audit department.

Some of the key questions answered in this year’s edition of the report include:

• What is the most in-demand skill internal audit departments are seeking?
• How prepared are internal auditors to combat fraud in their organizations?
• What is the number one challenge practitioners are facing today?

Caseware’s 2024 State of Internal Audit Trends Report reveals how the internal audit profession is evolving and uncovers insights that will help you and your team deliver high-quality audits and insights in the year ahead.

Download your free copy of this year’s report and help ensure your internal audit team is well-equipped for whatever the future may hold.

Audits, whether internal or external, gauge the performance of a company or organization in a specific area. When bolstered by auditing software, new levels of collaboration and data visualization are unlocked. There are different types of internal and external audits, each of which has a distinct focus. Here are some of the most common: 

• Financial statement audits, conducted by an external auditor, ensure the correctness of a company’s accounting records. The results are important to regulators, lenders and investors. 
• Compliance audits ensure that a company or organization is abiding by regulations and meeting the legal requirements of their country, state, province, city and industry. 
• Operational audits, performed by in-house experts, look at business spending and budgets and find areas for potential improvement. 
• Risk management audits look at current internal operations, define areas of risk, and suggest ways to mitigate the dangers. 

An audit is the most detailed of three related activities that organizations can perform. Included in this group are: 

• Compilations, which provide basic financial data without any additional analysis, fact-checking or insight. 
• Reviews, which offer limited insights. An accountant performing a review will compare the numbers to expected figures to see if there are any inconsistencies or unexpected values. 

Internal and external audits can be time-consuming. Digitized records and automated accounting software can help your company streamline the process, automatically find inconsistencies, and visualize data to inform executive decisions. 

With these systems in place, you can focus on the results of audits rather than the process. Here is a closer look at what you can expect from internal and external audits and the advantages and drawbacks of each. 

What is internal auditing?

The overall goal of internal auditing is to make a company more efficient, more profitable and better at making key decisions. 

For example, a company could order an internal audit of its inventory system. The auditor would look at the system for tracking inventory and see if it accurately reflects the supplies that a company has on hand and if there are any delays or discrepancies. 

Internal auditors are employees of a company who provide objective and independent reports on a company’s finances, operations and management practices. Their goal is to accurately assess performance and provide insights that aren’t affected by office politics or other influences within the company. 

One way to streamline internal audits is to have an audit trail. This is a collection of chronological events, time and date-stamped financial records, and details about operational decisions. If data gets organized in this way, it is easy for an auditor to find patterns or call up specific information that can help them pinpoint a problem or see exactly where a mistake happened.

Here is a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of having internal auditing for your organization. 

Pros of internal auditing

When supported by well-organized data and skilled auditors, internal auditing can bring specific advantages to an organization. 

• Enhance decision-making: Internal audits can define specific problems and give decision-makers data to help inform their strategies and assess solutions.  
• Improve operations and efficiency: Internal audits can identify operational problems and inefficiencies. Because audits look at specific areas in-depth, they provide insights into the source of the issue. After the company makes changes, they can run another internal audit to see if the new practices and procedures have delivered the desired results. 
• Define and mitigate risks: Internal audits can look at the consequences of potential events and the odds that such an event will take place. Once decision-makers are aware of the risk, they can take steps to mitigate it, lower the odds of it taking place, and reduce the potential consequences. 
• Ensure compliance and success in external audits: Internal audits can mimic the process of external audits and find issues with reporting or compliance. By finding these problems and making corrections, a company can avoid potential penalties or punishments. 

Cons of internal auditing

Internal auditing brings advantages, but there are also some drawbacks to consider. 

• Cost: Internal auditing costs money. The most efficient auditing departments only cost their companies $0.13 per $1,000 in revenue. However, expenses can be as much as $3.06 per $1,000 if you aren’t careful. 
• Disruptions to operations: Sometimes, audits may disrupt business processes. Work stoppages due to audits can harm a company’s bottom line. 
• Negative employee reactions: Employees may feel that an audit is unjust, that their department is being unfairly singled out, or that the review focuses on their performance rather than the department’s overall efficiency. 
• Poor use of digital accounting systems: Internal audits may be inaccurate or time-consuming because of poor record-keeping, a lack of an automated accounting system, and disorganized financial data. 

While internal auditing can bring good results, it is not a requirement. External audits, however, are sometimes mandated by law. 

What is external auditing?

An external audit looks at the accuracy of a company’s financial statements and whether its accounting practices comply with all applicable rules and regulations. The auditor also verifies that the financial reports and records offer an accurate picture of the company’s performance. 

All publicly-traded businesses have to publish financial statements for investors. These records need to be independently audited to ensure they provide a full and accurate picture of a company’s financials. Additionally, nonprofits have to undergo audits to retain their tax-exempt status. 

Private companies do not have to undergo external audits as a matter of routine, but some still choose to do so. Typically, external audits help them build trust with their customers or furnish them with additional proof to show lenders when applying for credit. 

External audits are performed by a third-party auditor who has no ties to the organization and no stake in the outcome of the audit. Qualification requirements for external auditors vary, but they must be certified accountants with qualifications and professional accreditations. 

There are advantages and disadvantages to external audits. 

Pros of external auditing

When a company is required to have an external audit, it can enjoy certain advantages. 

• Improved transparency: An outside auditor gives a company a chance to prove their finances are in order and their statements are accurate. This extra proof is necessary for shareholders, but lenders and people who want to support honest, transparent businesses will also appreciate it. 
• Stronger internal controls: A business can establish strong internal policies and practices to ensure a positive outcome of an external audit. These policies can also help with accounting, record-keeping and overall efficiency within the company. 
• Increased credibility: Whether public or private, a company can increase its credibility by letting a third party examine its financial records. The audit can show that the firm is operating honestly and not trying to manipulate its finances or engage in any unscrupulous practices. 

Cons of external auditing

External audits can also come with drawbacks, some of which can be significant if you aren’t prepared for them.

• Increased costs: The cost of an external audit depends on the size of a company and the details of its financial records. The Financial Education & Research Foundation found that the average audit expense for publicly traded companies in 2020 was $2.52 million. Nonprofits, which lack the complex finances of a corporation, can still spend $10,000 to $20,000 on audits. 
• Negative publicity: If your audit produces negative results, it could generate damaging stories in the media. This could be disastrous for public companies, which could lose shareholders. Even smaller firms could suffer if the audit turns up financial reporting or compliance issues. 
• Compliance concerns: An impending external audit could lead to concerns about meeting regulatory requirements. Companies may worry about accounting practices or systems missing necessary data or reports not complying with industry requirements. 

An internal audit can help your company see how prepared it is for an independent external audit.

Key differences between internal and external auditing

Internal and external audits both seek to provide an independent opinion about a company’s finances or practices. However, they differ significantly when it comes to who performs the audit, its overall purpose, and its scope. 

Here is a closer look at these differences: 

• Scope: Internal audits usually focus on a specific area of a company, while external audits look at all relevant financial information and any other practices that could confirm the veracity of budget statements. 
• Purpose: Internal audits focus on measuring current performance and finding areas for improvement. External audits focus on proving the accuracy and veracity of financial statements. 
• Auditor: External auditors are from a third party while internal auditors work on a company’s behalf. 

Internal auditors may help prepare for external audits. For example, they can use automated systems for preparation, compilation and review to organize for an external audit or assess internal performance. 

How to streamline the audit process

Auditing software can help you create a more efficient process leading to more accurate results. These systems decrease internal auditing costs, reduce compliance worries and help auditors organize their reports more easily. Cloud-based software also improves communication, makes reports more accessible, and facilitates coordination between different accounting professionals. The software also reduces the workload by automatically filling important reports and creating financial documents that are ready for an employer, external auditor or client.
Meanwhile, analytical tools assist internal auditors with new insights from financial or operational data, which they can then visualize for clear reports to present to decision-makers. With a centralized platform for all auditing activities, you’ll find it’s simple to drive engagement and ensure the necessary contributions.